INHALTSANGABE - Jahrbuch No XLVIII des Jahres 2009

Nicolae EDROIU	The Institute for History Cluj and its "Yearbook" (1920-2008)	PDF Abstract
INSTITUTIONEN
Liviu Marius ILIE	Die Herrschaft und das "Herrschaftshaus" in der Walachei. Ethymologie und historische Bedeutung (14.-16. Jh.)	PDF Abstract
Lidia GROSS	Die ersten "Lehrlingsbrüderschaften" in Siebenbürgen (1463-1484)	PDF Abstract
Daniela DETEŞAN	Die Wichtigkeit und die Rolle der "sittlichen" Priester während der Amtszeit des Bischofs Ioan Lemeni (1832-1850)	PDF Abstract
Mihaela BEDECEAN	Die Kirchliche Separation von der Karlowitzer Metropolie im Arader Bistum. 1865-1873	PDF Abstract
Paul ŞEULEAN	Der Bund der Klausenburger Evangelischen Frauen während der Zwischenkriegszeit	PDF Abstract
Veronica TURCUŞ	Aus der Geschichte der Gründung der Rumänischen Schule aus Rom: Verhandlungen zur Erwerbung des Zisterzienser Abteikomplexes Santa Susanna (1920-1923)	PDF Abstract
Stelian MÂNDRUŢ, Ottmar TRAŞCĂ	Fritz Valjavec und Rumänien (1939, 1941)	PDF Abstract
GESCHICHTE UND KULTUR
Remus CÂMPEANU	Notizen zur neuen Lektüre einer alten Biographie: der Adelsehrgeiz des Inochentie Micu Klein	PDF Abstract
Virgiliu FLOREA	Ein Empfehlungsbuch für die Romanisten: Die Rumänische Chrestomatie (1891) von Moses Gaster (1891)	PDF Abstract
Florea IONCIOAIA	Utopismus und geschichtlicher Zusammenhang. Über einen Briefwechsel	PDF Abstract
Florea IONCIOAIA	Utopismus und geschichtlicher Zusammenhang. Über einen Briefwechsel	PDF Abstract
Liviu NEAGOE	The "Third Way": Agrarianism and Intellectual Debates in Interwar Romania	PDF Abstract
Veronica TURCUŞ	Emil Panaitescu (1885-1958) und die Rumänische Schule aus Rom	PDF Abstract
DISKUSSIONEN
Michael SHAFIR	Requiem für ein Forschungsinstitut	PDF Abstract
GESCHICHTE UND BERUFSDEONTOLOGIE
Flavius SOLOMON	Wie eine historiographische Konstruktion nicht aussehen sollte	PDF Abstract
Alexander DRACE-FRANCIS, Shirley FOSTER	Dr CArmen Andraş und der Plagiats	PDF Abstract
ARBEITSWERKZEUGE
Ela COSMA	Die Chronologie der Jahre 1848-1849 in Siebenbürgen	PDF Abstract
BUCHREZENSIONEN	Inhalt Buchrezensionen	PDF
BIBLIOGRAPHISCHE NOTEN	Inhalt Bibliographische Noten	PDF
JOURNAL REVIEW	Inhalt Journal Review	PDF
WISSENSCHAFTLICHES LEBEN
	Die 8. Zusammenkunft der Rumänisch-Slowakischen Gemischten Die Historikerkommission (Breslau, 26.-30. Mai 2008) (Nicolae Edroiu)	PDF
	Internationale Tagung "Soziale Wirklichkeiten und politische Implikation in Siebenbürgen 1848-1867" (Klausenburg, 10.-11. Juni 2008) (Stelian Mândruţ)	PDF
	Internationales Symposium "Die Wissenschaft der Genealogie heute - methodologische Forderungen und Forschungsaussichten" (Klausenburg, 11. Juni 2008) (Dumitru Suciu)	PDF
	Wissenschaftliche Tagung "Geschichte und Zivilisation im Nord-Westen Rumäniens" (Zalău und Bocşa, 9.-10. Oktober 2008) (Nicolae Edroiu)	PDF
	Tagung der Gemischten Kommission der rumänischen und ungarischen Historiker (Bukarest, 13.-17. Oktober 2008) (Ela Cosma)	PDF
	Internationale Konferenz "Matthias Corvinus und seine Zeit"(Klausenburg, 23.-26. Oktober, 2008) (Adinel Dincă)	PDF
	Brücken zwischen den Rumänen aller Welt. XIII. Ausgabe des internationalen Symposiums "Das Banat - Geschichtliche und kulturelle Vergangenheit" (Zrenianin, Novi Sad und Sremski Karlovci, 31. Oktober - 2. November 2008) (Attila Varga)	PDF
	Symposium: 90 - Jähriges Jubiläum der Vereinigung Siebenbürgens mit Rumänien (Klausenburg, 27. November 2008) (Dumitru Suciu)	PDF
	Wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit des Geschichtsinstitutes "George Bariţiu" im Jahr 2008 (Susana Andea)	PDF
IN MEMORIAM - NACHRUFE
	Jákó Zsigmond (Nicolae Edroiu)	PDF
	Sabin Belu (Camil Mureşanu)	PDF
Abstracts / Résumé / Zusammenfassungen Nicolae EDROIU « Back The Institute for History Cluj and its "Yearbook" (1920-2008) The study makes a survey of the evolution of Institute for National History in Cluj and its Yearbook since inter-war period until 2008. The Institute of National History in Cluj set up by professors Alexandru Lapedatu (1876-1950) and Ioan Lupas (1880-1867), members of the Romanian Academy, was among the newly established Romanian institutions in Cluj, after 1918. The most important scientific duty of the Institute was to investigate Transylvania's past; that is to identify historical-archive materials and expand the documentary database by publishing collections of historical sources related to the main issues of the past of the intra-Carpathian province, which would serve as starting point for future historical reconstructions. Shortly after the foundation of the Institute in 1920, under the patronage of its founders, its periodical publication was elaborated and published: "Yearbook of the Institute for National History" in Cluj, one of the first historical journals in Romania. The thematic content and columns of the yearbook met the demands of modern European historical research, with which the editors of the Cluj publication were quite familiar. Soon enough, the yearbook of the Cluj Institute gained its place among the scientific periodicals published under the patronage of the Romanian Academy, drawing more and more attention both in the country and abroad. Key words: Historical sciences, Romania, Cluj, Publications, Yearbook Liviu Marius ILIE « Back Rulership and "House of Rulership" in Wallachia. Etymology and Historical Significance (14th-16th centuries) Rulership and "House of Rulership" in Wallachia Etymology and Historical Significance (14th-16th centuries) Abstract The most important political institution from the Romanian Middle Ages is domnia, an institution that finds its etymological roots in the word domn (prince); the Romanian domn comes from the Latin dominus, which meant the master or the holder of the house. To understand what domnia meant, one must understand how the princes from Wallachia imagined their house. The documents issued by the political sovereigns from Wallachia and some fragments of the Romanian chronicles describe the "house" either as the prince's court or larder (in a word, his patrimony) or his familiares (his noblemen or court officials, who could be in several situations, the prince's relatives). Key words: House of Rulership, Walachia, political institution, Rulership Lidia GROSS « Back The First Journeymen "Fraternities" in Transylvania (1463-1484) This article analyzes the first fraternities (Bruderschaften) of the Transylvanian journeymen (calfe) formed during the second half of the fifteenth century. The aim of this research is to open up new perspectives of approach upon an under-researched historical phenomenon that for most of the time was treated superficially and biased. The first fraternities appeared in the cities of Brasov (Kronstadt) and Sibiu (Hermannstadt) where the level of urbanization was comparable to that of Western European cities. During the fifteenth century, the religious life's specificity and transformations in the human sensitivity, which were linked to the "rite of passing", favored the increase in the brotherhoods' number. Such structures were actively engaged in organizing solemn funerary ceremonies to assure the eternal redemption. Western historiography on this subject associates the journeymen's fraternities to professional organizations. Therefore, this article provides the reader with a succinct overview of this institution, which can be seen as an alternative to both guilds (economic based associations) and brotherhoods (religious and charitable organizations). The first documented fraternities were in Brasov: fraternity of shoemakers' journeymen (1463, the Saint Cross Altarpiece), the fraternity of furriers' journeymen (1468), fraternity of tailors' journeymen (1476, dedicated to Jesus Christ and Virgin Mary), fraternity of blacksmiths' journeymen (1478, the Saint Antony altarpiece), fraternity of the viewers' journeymen (1481). In Sibiu there were organized the fraternity of shoemakers' journeymen (1484, honoring Saint John). The aspects that characterize these fraternities converge to the conclusion that they were profoundly religious and educational associations, which were integrated into the confraternities' movement that animated the Transylvanian fifteenth century urban society. Key words: journeymen, fraternities, medieval cities, Transylvania, religious life, charity Daniela DETEŞAN « Back Place and Role of "Moralist" Priests in the Time of Ioan Lemeni's Episcopate (1832-1850) In the first half of XIX-th century, spirituality was acknowledged as the most important element of Romanian culture. The representatives of Greek-Catholic church were defending the Romanian nation. But they were criticized especially the way they ruled the renewal of ecclesiastic structure from inside, the administration and financial affairs of church. The article shows the position of Romanian Greek-Catholic "moralist" priests during Ioan Lemeni episcopacy, based on some unpublished sources, keeped in archives (Primási Levéltár Esztergom). The aim of research is to reconstitue the case study which is refering to the "lemenian trial" (1843 - 1846) happened in Blaj, with particular attention to "moralist" priests. The main ideas debate are: the status of the theologian from Blaj ecclesiastical seminary, the vision of bishop Ioan Lemeni about the "moralist" priests, the number of the "moralist" priests, the stages of preparing the "moralist" priests, the journalistic reaction of the philosophy teacher Simion Bărnuţiu against the "moralist" priests, the position of imperial inspectors in opposition to the "moralist" priests, imperial conclusions and possible solution to deplorable state in which were the diocese of Făgăraş. Key words: Moralist priests, "popanduşi", Blaj, Greek-Catholic Church, Theology Mihaela BEDECEAN « Back Arad Diocese and the Ecclesiastical Separation from the Metropolitan Church of Karlowitz 1865-1873 The ecclesiastical separation between the romanians and the serbs in Transylvania was offically presented in 1846 in the background of the Karlowitz Congress on the 5th of august, by the romanian deputy Vincenţiu Babeş. The separation had been an ecclesiatical desiderate of the romanian orthodox people for more than a hundred years. The present study is analysing how the process took place in mixt communities throughout the diocese of Arad. A part of the negotiations and the progress of separation were reflected in the local papers: Lumina, Telegraful Român, Gazeta Transilvaniei, Albina, Federaţiunea, Speranţa, Familia. The author sums up the mixt communities lying on Arad's episcopate which enjoyed the attention of the Romanian newspapers. The study is a comparative one referring at the procedures and the impediments of a peaceful separation. The grounds for disagreement were the orthodox building of the church and the local school. The cemetery was regarded as a common good, but the two buildings had to belong to a community or another. Usually, it was bought back by the numerous side - in this case - the romanian orthodox people. In few cases the groups reached an agreement without the intervention of the judicial court. Between the newspapers recalling the events appear discrepancies, reasoned by the sources used. The information regarding the process of ecclesiastical separation give shape to tense moments in the romanian confessional realities, offering a vivid image of what this desired detachment signified. Key words: metropolitan church, hierarchical separation, Romanian Orthodox Church, Serbian Orthodox Church, Romanian press. Paul ŞEULEAN « Back The Union of Evangelical Women of Cluj in the Interwar Period The aim of the present documentary study is to provide more evidence regarding the setting up and the activity of the Magyar Evangelical Lutheran Women's Union that appeared in the interbelic period. The analysis covers the period between 1926 and the beginning of 1935. In the interbelic period, Romania had an important position as a middle state in Europe, with a role in the Ligue of Nations In Hungary, the Magyar Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession (almost 430 000 members, as compared with over 1,5 million Reformed) was a product of dispersion. Planted in Reformation times, it increased under persecution. In Romania, the Reformation took hold among the German and Hungarian inhabitants of Transylvania. In 1918, after the demise of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy, Transylvania united to Romania, in the wake of the Referendum passed at the Grand National Assembly of Alba-Iulia (the 1st of December 1918, Romania's National Day). On 8 January 1919 Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen) voted the union of Transylvania to Romania. Descendants of 12th century German settlers, Siebenbürger Sachsen retain their Evangelical Church of the Ausburg Confession, with almost 400 000 members in the 20th century. The new Statute of the German Landeskirche was adopted in the 1927s: 2 June 1927. Hungarians in Romania had a shrinking Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Ausgburg Confession in Romania (30 445 members). In 1920, Hungarians wanted to set up an episcopy but their numbers was not enough. Later they only could founded a superintendance in Arad, formed by 25 parishes. On 22 februarie 1927, Mr. Ludovic Frint, priest in Arad, was elected president of the managing boards which conducted the church. The so-called bishop was primarily the guardian of the faith and, as such, the centre of the sacramental life of the community. In Cluj, the Magyar Evangelical Lutheran Women's Union was set up on 28 January 1926 and it was essential part of the new magyar church. The goals of the Magyar Evangelical Lutheran Women's Union during 1920s-1930s were to help poor evanghelical people with gifts, wood for heating and clothes monthly; to help poor evangelical girls who wanted to marry; to give assistance for the cultural institutions of the local parish church; to help poor evangelical pupils with textbooks and notebooks. The permanent criteria of Union structure is found in the statute adopted at 13 July 1935, Cluj. According to it, the activities of the Magyar Evangelical Lutheran Women's Union were managed by the following structures: 1. the general addition; 2. the managing boards; 3. the surveillance commission; 4. office workers. Key words: Union, Hungarian Lutherans, Evangelical women, Evangelic Church C.A., Cluj. Veronica TURCUŞ « Back Dalla storia della fondazione della Scuola Romena di Roma: le trattative per il Complesso Abbaziale Cistercense di Santa Santa Susanna (1920-1923) L'inaugurazione dell'attivita della Scuola Romena di Roma, il 1 novembre 1922, istituzione fondata con la legge promulgata nell'ottobre 1920, fu preceduta da una serie di tappe organizzative, tra cui l'approvazione del Regolamento della Scuola (nel giugno 1921), la nomina del direttore (nell'ottobre 1921) e l'identificazione di un locale adatto per l'Istituto. In tale scopo, il direttore della Scuola, l'accademico Vasile Pârvan, si reco a Roma, dove rimase dall'8 gennaio al 10 marzo 1922, iniziando contatti con le autorita politiche e scientifiche italiane e vaticane, assecondato dai ministri della Romania presso il Quirinale e la Santa Sede, Alexandru Emanuel Lahovary e Dimitrie C. Pennescu. In questo contesto fu riattivato un progetto precedente, promosso nel 1920 dal prete transilvano Vasile Lucaciu e dal ministro Pennescu, che mirava all'insediamento del futuro seminario grecocattolico romeno nel complesso abbaziale cistercense di Santa Susanna, monastero di notevole passato storico ed artistico, in quegli anni oggetto di dispute tra lo stato italiano e la Santa Sede. La Romania inizio trattative diplomatiche tanto con lo stato italiano, quanto con la Sede Apostolica per la cessione dell'uso del monastero a favore dello stato romeno, per una chiesa nazionale ed un collegio ecclesiastico, dove potevano trovarsi il giusto posto anche i borsisti della Scuola Romena in Roma, fino alla costruzione del nuovo edificio della scuola sul tereno concesso in uso perpetuo alla nostra nazione dal Comune di Roma il 12 gennaio 1922. Il ministro Lahovary utilizzo tutti i suoi contatti diplomatici per promuovere l'iniziativa, ed ottenne l'appoggio del presidente del Senato italiano, l'on. Tommaso Tittoni, che mando il 21 gennaio 1922 una lettera di raccomandazione direttamente al presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri, Ivanoe Bonomi. La morte del papa Benedetto XV il 22 gennaio 1922 e le pressioni degli Stati Uniti per avere la chiesa, sita nei pressi dell'Ambasciata americana, destinata all'uso liturgico della comunita statunitense o di lingua inglese di Roma condussero ad un esito negativo dell'iniziativa. L'uso liturgico della chiesa di Santa Susanna fu concesso alla Congregazione Missionaria di San Paolo, congregazione religiosa statunitense e l'edificio ecclesiastico del monastero fungeva da chiesa nazionale della comunita statunitense di Roma. La Scuola Romena di Roma apri le sue porte in un immobile presso in affitto in Via Emilio del Cavaliere 11, dove funziono fino al trasferimento, nel dicembre 1932, nella nuova sede di Valle Giulia. Parole chiave: Santa Sede, Roma, Scuola Romena, cistercensi, SUA, Collegio Greco-Catolico. Stelian MÂNDRUŢ, Ottmar TRAŞCĂ « Back Fritz Valjavec and Romania (1939, 1941) History of German ethnic groups situated outside the country borders had been a scientific concern of state since the end of World War I. In 1930 it was founded the Munich "Südost-Institut" with particular interest in the German communities of the South-Eastern Europe, especially the Balkan ones. After 1935 the process of research was extended due to the implication of a young historian, Fritz Valjavec. The young specialist perceived the concept of ethnical identity as the main reason to study the German realities in space and time. Valjavec's presence in Romania in December 1939 is related with the actions of the newly founded RSHA (Reich Security Head Office). During his "diplomatic" visit he gathered information about the Romanian political and social climate and the country's international position as reflected within the society. He was also interested in the German minority and economic conduct of the jewry. Fritz Valjavec will return to Romania in July 1941, now as a SS-Untersturmführer, member of Einsatzkommando 10 b, serving as translator of the unit. The historian was present in the city of Czernowitz, where he emerged as a protector of the Ukrainian people. He had supported their attempts of creating an Ukrainian state comprising Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia. More than that, he fuelled anti-romanian sentiments in the region becoming a fervent upholder of the ukrainian movement. The Romanian authorities regarded him from now on as a national menace, and requested baron Manfred von Killinger, the Reich's plenipotentiary minister in Bucharest, to investigate the situation. Finally, Valjavec left the country (December 1941), and the German espionage department concerning him denied his implication in any anti-Romanian actions. Key words: Fritz Valjavec, Romania, 1939-1941. Remus CÂMPEANU « Back Notes at Rereading a Biography: Inochenţie Micu's Claims to Nobility The age of postmodernism allowed the appearance of a strange direction at the level of historiographic criticism. Everything that wasn't written according to traditional historiography, seemed challenging or not completely understood had been transferred in the "mystical" sphere of postmodernism. This developing trend impresses through the force to fragmentize the metadiscourse of traditional historiography, to question its uprightness and to revive the debate upon the infallibility of myths. From this point of view the biography of Inochentie Micu can be read in a different perspective, regarding private aspects of his life. As a result, the study is concerned with the evolution of Inochentie Micu's career as it comes out from his aristocratic behavior. In order to be accepted as the equal of other members in the Transylvanian Diet he made himself a royal lineage. Due to the solidarity existent within the Romanian social elites, he managed to increase the income of the episcopate. From this position he struggled to improve both the status of Romanian elites and peasantry. Up to this moment the history of elites in Transylvania seemed to ignore aristocratic behaviors and focus on the moments concerning the Romanian national movement. Inochentie Micu's purpose, however, remained the same: to equalize the ethnic meaning of nation with the judicial (constitutional) one. This postmodernist approach reveals the human side of the bishop, a side which strengthens his image of an uncompromising leader. Key words: historiography, Greek-Catholic Church, Inochentie Micu, postmodernist approach. Virgiliu FLOREA « Back A Reference Book for Romanists: Moses Gaster's Romanian Chrestomathy (1891) Moses Gaster's main work, Chrestomatie română, published in the summer of 1891 was postponed by a series of factors: difficult working conditions, the impressive volume of documents, Gaster's other preoccupations, the banishment from Romania, and the impediments recorded by the publishing house in Wien, F. A. Brockhaus. Gaster's major work, in which he invested ten years of his life, the Romanian chrestomathy and the glossary covering the period from the dawn of Romanian literature down to 1830, appeared just in time for the twenty-fifth jubilee of King Carol I since ascending to the throne. The book was very well recepted and the king presented him the award Bene Merenti, first class for "romanian literary and philological writings". The paper deals with the difficulties Moses Gaster had to cope with in order to finish his chrestomathy. Although the work enjoyed mostly favourable reviews, there was some destructive criticism from a couple of romanian scholars. Nevertheless, The Romanian chrestomathy, helped covering the lacunae felt by foreign researchers in the field of romanian historical linguistics. The scientific success of the book within the foreign romanists of the time is revealed by the rich correspondence between F. A. Brockhaus and Moses Gaster. Key words: Romania, Moses Gaster, chrestomathy, literature, criticism. Florea IONCIOAIA « Back Utopism and Historical Context. About an Epistolarium L'aventure de Théodore Diamant et des idées sociétaires dans les Principautés Danubiennes ont fait l'objet de plusieurs démarches. En dépit de ses mésaventures idéologiques, le fouriérisme roumain apparaît bien documenté historiquement. Néanmoins, ni l'histoire de Diamant, ni l'épisode de Scaieni ne sont pas véritablement intégrées dans l'histoire du mouvement fouriériste. D'autre part, du point de vue strictement documentaire, il y a encore de nombreux aspects en discussion ou voire mal documentés. On connaît peu de choses, par exemple, sur le séjour parisien de Diamant, sur les années suivantes a son arrivée en Valachie ou sur la nature des rapports entre Diamant et son auditoire valaque. Tout en pesant sur de nouveau acquis documentaires, cette démarche se propose d'analyser le rôle de Théodore Diamant dans le mouvement fouriériste a travers sa correspondance avec Charles Fourier et ensuite de reconstituer l'horizon de réception du fouriérisme par le monde roumain au XIXe siecle. Il s'agit donc d'une contribution a l'histoire de la diffusion des idées sociétaires ainsi que d'un essai sur la genese d'une part de l'imaginaire intellectuel roumain. Il n'est pas difficile d'expliquer cette adhésion au fouriérisme du jeune Diamant. On connaît sa nature enthousiaste et ouverte, son optimisme débordant. On peut y ajouter sa passion pour les sciences et tres probablement le sentiment sécuritaire offert par un groupe assez solidaire et par une vision du monde relativement accessible et attirante. Il faut toutefois distinguer entre les idées de Fourier et le mouvement sociétaire: c'est plutôt a Fourier que Diamant offre ses services dévoués. A-t-il accompli une mission sociétaire dans les Principautés Danubiennes? Son correspondance avec son Maître nous offre bien des éclairements sur ce sujet. En meme temps, elle nous oblige d'insister davantage sur les rapports entre Diamant et le mouvement sociétaire ainsi que sur ses véritables projets en Valachie. D'abord, dans une premiere lettre, on peut remarqué la frénésie de l'apostolat ainsi que le message du bon disciple : le geste de révérence aupres de son Maître. On voit bien que sa mission est plutôt auto-instituée, puisque l'obédience manifestée a l'égard de Fourier semble marquer en meme temps un acte d'attachement pour le projet sociétaire de Fourier ainsi qu'un acte d'indépendance envers la secte sociétaire. Le ton est bien différent dans la lettre suivante. Il s'agit d'une tension presque insupportable qui émane de cette lettre. Diamant est en pleine crise de nerfs. Dans ce contexte, l'intéret accordé aux enfants et a la population tzigane, en tant que possibles acteurs de l'expérience sociétaire, semble indiquer un changement de stratégie de sa part. On découvre mieux aussi la nature des relations entre Fourier et Diamant : affective, personnelle, dans laquelle il n'y a presque aucune référence au mouvement sociétaire en général. Il semble d'ailleurs que la mort de Fourier, en 1837, mit fin a toute relation entre Diamant et les cercles fouriéristes. Pourtant, l'importance essentielle de cette lettre réside dans son apport documentaire concernant les rapports entre Diamant et Balaceano. Elle témoigne du rôle de Diamant dans l'épisode de Scaieni. On sait maintenant qu'il était presque négligeable. Mais, la rupture de Balaceano était tout de meme moins grave par rapport a la perte du prestige qui conduira a son quasi-isolement dans les années qui suivent. C'est vrai qu'apres 1836, on peut remarquer un changement important de l'agenda idéologique en Valachie. Les idées humanitaristes, dans le fil des Lumieres, se trouvent remplacées par des themes politiques et identitaires. A la différence d'expérimentalisme fouriériste, rationnel et abstrait, une nouvelle sensibilité collective, politisée, radicale, meme subversive, naît dans les années suivantes. Des mots clé : utopisme, idées sociétaires, fouriérisme, correspondance, Valachie. Liviu NEAGOE « Back The "Third Way": Agrarianism and Intellectual Debates in Interwar Romania For a proper reading of my text I propose two matrixes of interpretation: as an intellectual history of the agrarian movement from the interwar period and as a social history of the intellectual debates related to the agrarian issue. In this respect, I consider Romania's modernization as a double-tracking process: culturalideological and social-economical. As intellectual history, modernization here is referred to as the symbolic rapport with the West. As social history, modernization is a process which contains the first Romanian constitution: the Organic Statutes (1831-1832), the abortion of slavery and the land reform (in 1864), with the revolutionary interlude of 1848. The significance of these two moments that took place within only few decades is very important: they constituted the core of developmental debates in interwar Romania. From this perspective, the historical approach of Romanian agrarianism in East Central European context is opening as a fascinating topic Key words: agrarianism, modernization, interware Romania, intellectual elites, nation-building. Veronica TURCUŞ « Back Emil Panaitescu (1885-1958) e la Scuola Romena di Roma La Scuola Romena di Roma, fondata nel 1920 in seguito all'iniziativa promossa dagli accademici Vasile Pârvan e Nicolae Iorga, inizio la sua attivita il 1 novembre 1922. Nel periodo tra le due guerre, l'Istituto di Roma - diventato uno dei centri di eccellenza della cultura romena all'estero - fu guidato nei primi anni dal vicepresidente dell'Accademia Romena, Vasile Pârvan e, dal 1927 al 1940, da due tra i suoi piu noti alunni (George G. Mateescu ed Emil Panaitescu). L'ultimo ricopri la carica di direttore della Scuola Romena di Roma negli anni '30 e lego definitivamente il suo nome all'edificazione della nuova ed imponente sede dell'istituzione, sita in Valle Giulia. Nato l'11 febbraio 1885 a Cudalbi, nell'odierna provincia di Galaţi, Emil Panaitescu segui, nel primo decennio del Novecento, i corsi della Facolta di Lettere dell'Universita di Bucarest, dove si laureo nel 1908. La sua preparazione universitaria fu contrassegnata dal modello offertogli da Nicolae Iorga, il cui discepolo fedele divento. Il rapporto con Nicolae Iorga, lungo una vita e contrastato in particolare dalla meta degli anni '20 - quando Panaitescu sposo la figlia del noto diplomatico romeno Alexandru Emanuel Lahovary, acquisendo un'ottima posizione nel mondo politico e diplomatico romeno -, il rapporto con Vasile Pârvan, saldato alla fine della grande guerra, nel contesto della collaborazione al progetto di fondazione dell'Universita romena di Cluj o quello particolarmente importante con la regina Maria di Romania, consolidato negli anni 1917-18, quando Panaitescu fu il capo dell'ufficio informazioni del Ministero della Guerra, rappresentano punti di riferimento della sua biografia. Il suo destino si coniuga con quello della Scuola Romena di Roma gia dagli inizi degli anni '20, nel periodo 1922-1924 essendo borsista della prima generazione di studiosi della scuola e specializzandosi in topografia e antichita romane. Raccomandato dall'Accademia Romena per la carica di direttore della Scuola di Roma nel settembre 1929 e riconfermato piu volte durante gli anni '30, Emil Panaitescu rimane nella storia dell'istituzione come un ottimo organizzatore. La pubblicazione, sotto la sua guida, dei sei numeri (IV-IX) dell'annuario della scuola, "Ephemeris Dacoromana" e dei tre volumi di documenti (II-IV) del "Diplomatarium Italicum", la continuazione della serie annuale di conferenze dell'Istituto, con la partecipazione di specialisti italiani o dei professori e direttori delle altre Scuole straniere di Roma, secondo il modello promosso da Pârvan, l'aumento del numero dei volumi della biblioteca dell'Istituto o l'inaugurazione, nel gennaio 1933, del nuovo locale della Scuola sono i risultati piu importanti della sua attivita in veste di direttore della Scuola Romena di Roma. Parole chiave: Storiografia, Scuola Romena, Roma, Benito Mussolini. Michael SHAFIR « Back Requiem for a Research Institute Requiem for a research institute brings up the historical transformations/alterations suffered by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Institute since 1965. The author recalls the activity of director Noel Bernard, and the aftermath of his disappearance. There are evoked spectres of past researchers and analysts who marked the history of the research institute. The actions of former directors encounter the author's criticism, as his collaboration with the radio station depended upon the leaders character and perception of certain realities. An episode remembered deals with the specifications to destroy the cold war archive of the institute, after 1989, classified as "irrelevant history". The last years of the establishment led to "institutional suicide", without anyone trying to save the organization, which finally ceased to exist, resting in a "better world". Key words: Radio Free Europe, Noel Bernard, archive, Cold War. Flavius SOLOMON « Back How a Historiographical Construct must not Look Like The case-study relevates a series of flaws in the process of constructing the historical desiderate. Even though the author insists upon the originality of his creation, he uses text parts published by previous researchers without indicating the sources most of the time. Moreover, Mr. Turliuc emerges as an advocate of "tribal nationalism", and cognizant of it, makes efforts to hide this side of romanian nationalism. A notable fact is the lack of examining documentary sources. Text fragments are being copied from other authors and quoted as primary documents. The issue becomes obvious when significant differences occur between the sources and the words taken from somebody else, which are presented as primary documents. Mr Turliuc duplicates another writer's language without being aware of the fact that he is actually not presented with real document quotation, but the writer's point of view. He goes further to close imitation of other writer's thoughts and results, representing them as his own original work (e. q. the Avram Rosen table). The case studied is not an isolated one within the academic society. Thus everyone must join efforts to prevent spreading this plagiarism- related phenomena. Key words: Cătălin Turliuc, plagiarism, historiographical construct, sources Alexander DRACE-FRANCIS, Shirley FOSTER « Back Dr. Carmen Andraş and plagiarism In the article, the authors demonstrate that the researcher from the Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities research in Targu Mures, dr. Carmen Andraş plagiarized their work. The authors wish make it clear that their protest derives in no way from a generalized negative attitude towards Romanians. On the contrary, they wish to defend the admirable editorial work of the Romanian scholars who have been embarrassed by Dr. Andraş's unscrupulous working methods: they accepted her work in good faith but were not in a position to verify her references. The authors hope that these unpleasant incidents would give most scholars reason to consider carefully the further implications of working with Dr. Andraş or her publications. Key words: Carmen Andras, plagiarism, deontology, Romanian Academic Community Ela COSMA « Back Die Chronologie der Jahre 1848-1849 in Siebenbürgen Zweck der vorliegenden Chronologie ist eine nähere Aussicht über den Auslauf der zwei Revolutionsjahre zu bieten, wobei die bedeutungsvollen faktischen Angaben in ihrem chronologischen Verlauf herbeigezogen werden. Die Chronologie der Jahre 1848-1849 in Siebenbürgen ist dreiteilig aufgearbeitet, um den Gang der Ereignisse und die ihnen von den Teilnehmern der Revolution zugeschriebene Rolle in vollem Maße hervorheben zu können. Die Verfasserin der Chronologie hat folgende Einteilung bevorzugt: 1. Die Siebenbürger Ungarn und Szekler in der Revolution; 2. Die Siebenbürger Rumänen in der Revolution; 3. Die Siebenbürger Sachsen in der Revolution. Diese Einteilung deutet auf die von den drei modernen Nationen in Siebenbürgen während der Revolution eingeschlagenen verschiedenen Wege hin, indem sie den mit verschiedlichen Waffen und Mitteln geführten, von besonderen Idealen und Forderungen beseelten Kampf unterstreicht. Die Chronologie wurde als Datenbasis, als Informationsmittel und Arbeitswerkzeug für interessierte Studierende oder Fachleute gedacht. Wenn ein früheres ähnliches Unternehmen dem Forscher Gelu Neamţu, der eine Chronologie der rumänischen Revolution von 1848 in Siebenbürgen aufstellte und publizierte (1998), zu verdanken ist, so führen wir heute dieses Unternehmen weiter. Die vorstehende Chronologie bringt daher eine erweiterte Perspektive, welche originalerweise und erstmalig die strikte nationale Teilnahme an der Revolution überschreitet und die drei nationalen Revolutionen auf dem Gebiet Siebenbürgens in den Jahren 1848-1849 im Parallel umfaßt. Schlüsselworte: Chronologie; 1848er Revolution; Siebenbürger Rumänen; Siebenbürger Sachsen; Siebenbürger Ungarn Go TOP